What's Loss, What's Left, What's Possible
©1996 John M. Schneider, PhD
©1996 John M. Schneider, PhD
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Theorist
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Ways of Coping or
Defending Against Loss |
What's Lost:
Early Grief |
What's Left:
Middle Grief |
What's Possible:
Later Grief |
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Sigmund Freud
(1917) Psychoanalytic |
Seperation anxiety
Repression/Depression |
Mourning
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Decathexis
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Reinvest
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Eric Lindemann
(1943) Illness/Disease |
Somatic distress
Lost patterns of conduct |
Pre-occupation
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Test new patterns
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John Bowlby
(Phase) (1961) Attachment |
Yearning/Searching
Numbing Prostest |
Disorganized |
Reorganize
Detachment |
New life
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Elisabeth Kubler Ross
(1969) Cognitive/ Behavioral |
Shock/Denial
Anger Bargaining |
Depression
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Acceptance
Peace |
Life after life
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Colin Murray Parkes
(1969) Cognitive/ Behavioral |
Disbelief/Alarm Searching/Anger Guilt/Pining/Yearning |
Isolation
Withdrawal Loneliness |
Mitigation
Socialize |
New identity
Reinvest |
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Peter Marris
(1974) Existential |
Feelings
of uncertainty Somatic/Anger Clinging/Pining Conservation impulse |
Withrawal/Apathy
Search for meaning Brooding Distress |
Abstract
fundamental Meaning |
Re integrate
Restore continuity New Life |
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John Schneider
(Discernments)(1984) Holistic/ existential |
Cope: Limit Awarement by Holding on/Fight Or letting go/Flight |
What is Lost?
Awareness of loss |
What remains?
Perspective/Healing Restoration/Restitution Integrate: Move forward |
What is Possible?
Reformulate/Self Empower/Transform loss |
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William Worden
(1985) Cognitive/ Behavioral |
Accept reality of loss
Experience pain of grief |
Adjust to life without
deceased Withdraw & reinvent |
Change/ transform emotional energy
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Elisabeth Harper-Neeld
(Choices)(1990) Holistic/ exitential |
Choices: Experience grief fully Endure |
Express grief fully
Suffer |
Look honestly/Assert
Reconstruct Take Action/Work Thru |
Integrate/Choose
Life back in balance |
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Sandra Fox (1985)
Cognitive/ Behavioral |
Accept reality of loss
Experience pain of grief |
Adjust to environment
with person missing Withraw & reinvest |
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Baker, Sedney & Gross
(1992) Development- children |
Self
portection; Feel safe Understand meaning, universality inevitabilty, unpredicatbilty |
Acknowlege reality
of the loss Bear psychological pain |
Explore & reevaluate
relationships Return to age appropiate development |
Develop new sense of
personal identity (integrate w loss) |
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Alan Wolfelt
(1994) Child Mourning Tasks |
Nuture
self physically & emotionally |
Experience & express
reality of death Move toward pain and loss |
Convert interactive
presence to memory Rebuild an identity Contest of meaning Get & maintain stable adult relationships |
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